El objetivo del presente avance de investigación es realizar el análisis espectral de ondeletas cruzadas (TOX) entre la serie temporal de precipitación comparada con las series temporales de humedad específica, temperatura superficial del aire e intensidad del viento horizontal antes, durante y después del evento de precipitación intensa ocurrido sobre el observatorio de Huancayo (OHY) el día 6 de octubre de 2019 a las 15:00 hora local. Este evento registró un máximo de precipitación acumulada horaria igual a 6.2 mm h−1. Los resultados del TOX muestran que existe una similitud entre los patrones de periodicidad de todas las series temporales analizadas con un valor mínimo de 0.3 horas (18 minutos) y una periodicidad máxima de 6 horas para la humedad específica y la temperatura del aire y de 8 horas para la intensidad del viento horizontal. En relación a los desfases o retardos temporales, los resultados muestran un desfase mínimo de 180° (9 minutos) y máximo de 90° (1.5 horas) para la humedad específica, mínimo de 180° (9 minutos) y máximo de 230° (3.8 horas) para la temperatura superficial del aire y mínimo de 270° (14 minutos) y máximo de 45° (1 hora) para la intensidad del viento horizontal. Estas diferencias ponen en evidencia el hecho de que los máximos de estas variables ocurren en momentos diferentes dentro de su ciclo diurno y, por lo tanto, tienen un desfase diferente en relación al momento de la ocurrencia de la máxima intensidad de precipitación.

This work presents results of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and Direct Radiative Force (DRF) at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), obtained during monitoring campaigns carried out at the Huancayo Observatory of the Geophysical Institute of Peru (OH-IGP ) in April and August 2022. In these campaigns, a Sun CIMEL photometer was used to measure the microphysical and optical properties of aerosols at wavelengths ranging from 340 to 1020 nm, and a low-cost Purple-air sensor to quantify the concentration of material particulate (PM), in fine and coarse modes. The AOD results indicated values in the range 0.06-0.22. The daily averages of PM2.5 and PM10 did not exceed Peru’s current Environmental Quality Standards (50 μg/m³ and 100 μg/m³). The air quality index (AQI) calculated for PM2.5 and PM10 was classified as good. On some days during the campaigns, the air quality was classified as moderate. These results contribute to a better understanding of the current climatic conditions of the Peruvian Altiplano.

The present study aims to comprehensively assess the solar irradiance patterns in the western zone of the Mantaro Valley, a region of ecological and agricultural significance in the central Peruvian Andes. Leveraging radiation data from the Baseline surface Radiation Network (BSRN) sensors located in the Huancayo Geophysical Observatory (HYGO-12.04°S,75.32°W, 3350 masl) spanning from 2017 to 2022, the research delves into the seasonal variations and trends in surface solar irradiance components. Actually, the study investigates the diurnal and seasonal variations of solar irradiance components, namely diffuse (EDF), direct (EDR), and global (EG) irradiance. Results demonstrate distinct peaks and declines across seasons, with EDR and EDF exhibiting opposing seasonal trends, influencing the overall variability in, EG. Peaks of, EG occurred in spring (3.32 MJ m⁻² h⁻¹ at noon), particularly during October (24.14 MJ m⁻² day⁻¹), probably associated with biomass-burning periods and heightened aerosol optical depth (AOD). These findings highlight the impact of biomass-burning aerosols on solar radiation dynamics in the region. In general, the seasonal variability of, EG on the HYGO is lower than that observed in other regions of South America at higher latitudes and reach its maximums during spring months. Moreover, the research evaluates various irradiation models to establish correlations between sunshine hours, measured with a solid glass sphere heliograph, and, EG and EDF at different time scales, showing acceptable accuracy to predict. In addition, the sigmoid logistic function emerges as the most effective in correlating the hourly diffuse fraction and the hourly clearness index, showcasing superior performance compared to alternative functions and exhibiting strong statistical significance and providing valuable insights for future solar radiation forecasting and modeling efforts. This study offers valuable insights for solar radiation forecasting and modeling efforts, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary research for solar power generation, sustainable development and climate resilience in mountainous regions like the Peruvian Andes.